In this article, you can read about their function and how to insert them in Word and Latex. This is a good thing given how complicated the hyphenation rules are. The en-dash is a bit longer than the hyphen; its length is equal to the width of the letter n , whence the name. Type two hyphens with no space between them like—this. Latex will automatically turn it into an en-dash. The em-dash is normally twice as long as the n-dash; its length is equal to the width of the letter m , whence the name.
The em-dash can also set off a phrase that provides additional information. In formal writing, such a phrase will be normally enclosed in parentheses, set off by commas see Rule 6 in Comma Usage , or introduced by a colon.
Occasionally, en-dashes are used in this function, but then they must be preceded and followed by spaces. Type three hyphens with no space between them like—this. Latex will automatically turn it into an em-dash. Do not use spaces before and after dashes and hyphens. The only exceptions are en-dashes used to mark a break in thought and change in sentence structure.
Your email address will not be published. This website prefers the latter, its style requiring the closely held em dash in running text. How to type one, however, depends on your machine. Mabel the Cat was delighted with the assortment of pastries the new bakery featured, but Harry the Dog—he felt otherwise. The butteriness of the pastries did say something about an appropriate level of commitment to decadence—at least there was that.
And the wide range of its hours of operation—6 a. A regular selection of three kinds of croissants—plain, almond, and chocolate—was heartening, both Mabel and Harry agreed. And Harry was extremely pleased to see the selection of available cakes—both chocolate and yellow butter cake; carrot cake; pound cake; lemon chiffon; and flourless chocolate cake.
Harry would never forget the Tuesday that Mabel called him from the bakery, her voice brimming with excitement—the bakery had added cheese Danishes to its selection. Nor would Harry forget his first bite of the Danish she delivered to him. It was revelatory—it was a cheese Danish nonpareil. The bakery was truly phenomenal. Although they did miss the mark somewhat with the pineapple upside-down cake Mabel ordered—that is, the cake had clearly been baked right-side up.
Chocolate chip, oatmeal raisin, peanut butter, snickerdoodle, both macarons and macaroons—the panoply of cookie varieties was impressive as well. The bakery was also adept at deliciously modifying recipes to meet any variety of dietary restrictions—not an easy feat in many cases.
When the bakery closed for the month of August to give its staff a break—no one denied it was much deserved—Mabel was forlorn. Only one person wears that perfume—my mother. Three of the people in my class—Tom, Dick, and Harry—refused to join the demonstration.
His feelings for Gwendolyn—he is madly in love with her—will never change. Use a dash to set off appositives that contain commas. An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that immediately follows and renames a noun or pronoun and is usually surrounded by commas. Learning the mechanics—the complex, detailed structural components—of the English language is very difficult because the rules are often so inconsistent.
Use a dash to indicate an abruptly unfinished thought or remark. Do not include a period or comma after the dash. She is a wonderful girl, but— "Please help me before I—" she cried. Use a slash to indicate that a choice can be made between paired or multiple terms.
Do not use a space before or after the slash. Use a slash to indicate the division between lines of poetry quoted within a sentence. Add a space before and after the slash. Ellipses are made up of three periods with spaces between them. Use ellipses when material has been omitted from a direct word-for-word quotation, whether the omission is a word, phrase, or several sentences.
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