During the infection and recovery process, the liver may not function normally causing illness that affects the entire body. For reasons that are not completely understood, 10 percent of people who develop hepatitis B become carriers of the disease.
Their blood remains infected for months, years, sometimes for life. Seventy percent of carriers develop chronic persistent hepatitis B. Most do not appear to be ill. The remaining 30 percent of carriers experience continuous liver disease. This condition often progresses to cirrhosis and then, after 30 to 40 years, possibly to liver cancer.
At present, there is no way of curing carriers. The risk of becoming a chronic carrier is related inversely with a person's age when infected. There are other kinds of viral hepatitis such as hepatitis A , hepatitis C , hepatitis D delta , and hepatitis E. These diseases and the viruses that cause them are not related to hepatitis B even though they also affect the liver.
The incubation period the time between initial contact with the virus and onset of the disease for hepatitis B ranges from 60 to days, with symptoms beginning on average 90 days from exposure. In the year , the incident rate was 0.
Incidence of the disease varies from region to region but has been declining due to increasing use of the vaccine and universal immunization programs. Blood is the major source of the hepatitis B virus in the workplace. It can also be found in other tissues and body fluids, but in much lower concentrations. The risk of transmission varies according to the specific source.
The virus can survive outside the body for at least 7 days and still be able to cause infection. To a lesser extent, indirect contact with blood-contaminated surfaces can also transmit the hepatitis B virus. Hand contact with blood-contaminated surfaces such as laboratory benches, test tubes, or laboratory instruments may transfer the virus to skin or mucous membranes.
Saliva of people with hepatitis B can contain the hepatitis B virus, but in very low concentrations compared with blood. Injections of infected saliva can transmit the virus, so bite injuries can also spread the disease.
There are no reports of people getting hepatitis B from mouth contact with infected CPR manikins, sharing utensils, or mouthpieces of musical instruments. Hepatitis B is found in semen and vaginal secretions. Doctors do not consider hepatitis C to be a sexually transmitted infection STI. It is possible to transmit it during sex, but the risk is low. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC emphasize that people with hepatitis C should be able to participate in any job, school, or social activity.
Find out more about the transmission of hepatitis C. If possible, use gloves when helping someone who is bleeding and carefully dispose of any protective items after dealing with the injury. If a person in a household has hepatitis C, it may be a good idea to keep the following supplies at hand, in the event of an injury that involves bleeding:. The most common way that hepatitis C spreads is by sharing needles or syringes when injecting drugs.
To reduce the risk of infection, never share this equipment. Learn more about how doctors diagnose and treat hepatitis C. The virus can remain active outside the body for up to 6 weeks in some circumstances, and possibly longer in syringes.
Anyone who suspects that they have been exposed to hepatitis C should consult a doctor, who will likely order a blood test. The most common types of viral hepatitis are A, B, and C.
They all affect the liver and have similar symptoms, but transmission and treatments differ…. Hepatitis C HCV is a viral infection. Prognosis tends to depend on how soon a person receives a diagnosis and whether or not complications develop…. Hepatitis C is a viral infection of the liver.
Can I donate blood if I have hepatitis B? Can I donate organs if I have hepatitis B? Prevention through Vaccination. Can hepatitis B be prevented? Who should get vaccinated against hepatitis B? Is the hepatitis B vaccine recommended before international travel? Is the hepatitis B vaccine safe? Can I get hepatitis B from being vaccinated? Is it harmful to have an extra dose of hepatitis B vaccine or to repeat the entire hepatitis B vaccine series?
What should be done if hepatitis B vaccine series was not completed? Who should not receive the hepatitis B vaccine? What is a booster dose, and do I need one? Is there a vaccine that will protect me from both hepatitis A and hepatitis B? Can I get the hepatitis B vaccine at the same time as other vaccines? Where can I get the hepatitis B vaccine? Does acute hepatitis B cause symptoms?
What are the symptoms of acute short-term hepatitis B? How soon after exposure to the hepatitis B virus will symptoms appear, and how long do they last? Can a person spread hepatitis B without having symptoms? What are the symptoms of chronic hepatitis B? How serious is chronic long-term hepatitis B? How do I know if I have hepatitis B? What should I do after learning that I have hepatitis B? How is acute short-term hepatitis B treated?
How is chronic hepatitis B treated? What can people with chronic hepatitis B do to take care of their liver? Pregnant Women and their Newborns. Are pregnant women tested for hepatitis B? If a pregnant woman has hepatitis B, is there a way to prevent her baby from getting hepatitis B?
Why is the hepatitis B vaccine recommended for all babies? Hepatitis B Overview What is hepatitis? An estimated million people are living with hepatitis B worldwide. Hepatitis B Transmission How is hepatitis B spread? Unlike hepatitis A, hepatitis B is not usually spread through food or water. Although anyone can get hepatitis B, these people are at greater risk: Infants born to infected mothers People who inject drugs or share needles, syringes, and other types of drug equipment Sex partners of people with hepatitis B Men who have sex with men People who live with someone who has hepatitis B Health-care and public-safety workers exposed to blood on the job Hemodialysis patients Who should be tested for hepatitis B?
CDC recommends hepatitis B testing for: People born in certain countries where hepatitis B is common People born in the United States not vaccinated as infants whose parents were born in countries with high rates of hepatitis B Men who have sex with men People who inject drugs People with HIV Household and sexual contacts of people with hepatitis B People requiring immunosuppressive therapy People with end-stage renal disease including hemodialysis patients People with hepatitis C People with elevated ALT levels Pregnant women Infants born to HBV-infected mothers What should I do if I think I have been exposed to the hepatitis B virus?
Prevention through Vaccination Can hepatitis B be prevented? Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for: All infants All children and adolescents younger than 19 years of age who have not been vaccinated People at risk for infection by sexual exposure People whose sex partners have hepatitis B Sexually active people who are not in a long-term, mutually monogamous relationship for example, people with more than one sex partner in the past 6 months People seeking evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted infection Men who have sex with men People at risk for infection by exposure to blood People who inject drugs People who live with someone who has hepatitis B People who live or work in facilities for people with developmental disabilities Health-care and public-safety workers at risk for exposure to blood or blood-contaminated body fluids on the job People who receive hemodialysis People with diabetes who are 19—59 years of age people with diabetes who are age 60 or older should ask their health care professional.
International travelers to countries where hepatitis B is common People with hepatitis C virus infection People with chronic liver disease People with HIV infection People who are in jail or prison All other people seeking protection from hepatitis B virus infection Is the hepatitis B vaccine recommended before international travel?
No, getting extra doses of hepatitis B vaccine is not harmful. Symptoms Does acute short-term hepatitis B cause symptoms? Symptoms of acute hepatitis B can include: Fever Fatigue Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Dark urine Clay-colored bowel movements Joint pain Jaundice yellow color in the skin or the eyes How soon after exposure to the hepatitis B virus will symptoms appear, and how long do they last? What are the symptoms of chronic long-term hepatitis B?
Tests How do I know if I have hepatitis B? The Hepatitis B virus can transmit via blood, semen, or other body fluids of an infected person.
It can survive for up to a week outside of the human body. The Hepatitis C virus can transmit via blood, semen, other body fluids, and shared needles. It can survive outside of the body for at least 16 hours and up to four days. Hepatitis D can only be transmitted via infected blood and can survive for a week outside the body. Hepatitis E can be contracted from water, body fluids, and surfaces that are contaminated with infected fecal matter.
It can live up to a month in fecal matter and 4 hours on the hands. Fact: It is important for Hepatitis patients to maintain good and adequate nutrition. This necessarily does not mean that the food has to be boiled and bland especially in the presence of symptoms like nausea and vomiting where food cravings need to be fulfilled.
Adding turmeric to food is recommended as it has strong anti-inflammatory properties. However, consumption of glucose solution, sugarcane juice, bittergourd and radish should be avoided. Fact: All kinds of alcohol should be avoided for 6 months post recovering from any kind of Hepatitis. This is because the virus affects the liver and the damage caused takes up to 6 months to heal and recover.
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