This information provides a general overview and may not apply to everyone. Talk to your family doctor to find out if this information applies to you and to get more information on this subject. A healthy immune system is what keeps you from…. Visit The Symptom Checker.
Read More. Erectile Dysfunction ED. Boys and Puberty. Homosexuality: Facts for Teens. Genital Warts. Human Papillomavirus HPV. Table of Contents. Within 2—4 weeks of exposure to the virus, some people develop a nonspecific syndrome with a fever and other flu-like symptoms.
This may last for several days or weeks. Not everyone experiences these symptoms, however. If a person does not undergo testing, it is possible for HIV to progress without any indication that it is in the body. These symptoms are collectively known as a seroconversion illness. However, the human body cannot completely remove this virus once it is present. In doing so, it destroys CD4 T cells. Eventually, this process stabilizes.
The immune system reduces the number of viral particles, and levels of CD4 T cells may rise. However, the number of these cells may not return to its original level.
After the acute stage has ended — and if the person has not received treatment — the virus remains active, reproducing at very low levels but continuing to damage immune cells. At this stage, there are usually no symptoms or very mild ones. Without treatment, this stage can last for 10 years or more before the person develops stage 3 HIV. However, modern antiretroviral medications can stop the infection from progressing. These drugs greatly reduce the amount of HIV in the body, the viral load , to very low levels.
When the viral load is so low that tests cannot detect it, HIV can no longer damage the immune system or transmit to other people. It occurs when the immune system is damaged to the extent that it can no longer fight off infections. Taking antiretroviral drugs keeps the immune system strong enough to prevent HIV from progressing to this stage. Without treatment, the viral load continues to increase and the CD4 cell count continues to drop.
A person will receive a diagnosis of stage 3 HIV if their CD4 cell count drops under cells per cubic milliliter or if they develop an opportunistic infection. Select personalised content. Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors.
With an early diagnosis and proper treatment, the life expectancy of a person with HIV is near that of someone without the virus. Getting prompt treatment for HIV results in a substantial improvement in prognosis. Since the year , the number of deaths from HIV has been steadily declining. While death rates from AIDS have declined globally, the condition increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections—which can lead to death.
And there is no cure for HIV, even with treatment. It is a chronic condition that requires lifelong disease management. If you are being treated for HIV with antiretroviral therapy , you can expect to live nearly as long as someone without HIV. Starting and remaining on antiretroviral medications has been shown to decrease mortality and improve quality of life.
Maintaining quality healthcare is key to living a long, healthy life with HIV. It may also be possible to catch HIV through unprotected oral sex, but the risk is much lower. The risk is higher if: the person giving oral sex has mouth ulcers, sores or bleeding gums the person receiving oral sex has recently been infected with HIV and has a lot of the virus in their body, or another sexually transmitted infection Who's most at risk? The body fluids that contain enough HIV to infect someone are: semen vaginal fluids, including menstrual blood breast milk blood lining inside the anus Other body fluids, like saliva, sweat or urine, do not contain enough of the virus to infect another person.
The main ways the virus enters the bloodstream are: by injecting into the bloodstream with needles or injecting equipment that's been shared with other people through the thin lining on or inside the anus, vagina and genitals through the thin lining of the mouth and eyes through cuts and sores in the skin HIV is not passed on through: spitting kissing being bitten contact with unbroken, healthy skin being sneezed on sharing baths, towels or cutlery using the same toilets or swimming pools mouth-to-mouth resuscitation contact with animals or insects like mosquitoes How HIV infects the body HIV infects the immune system, causing progressive damage and eventually making it unable to fight off infections.
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