This particular setup activates nitrous when the engine is at wide open throttle. Purge valves are not required for a nitrous system and they are often used simply to draw attention; however, they do serve a small purpose. The valve allows you to directly vent from the feed line to the atmosphere. The goal is to eliminate any gaseous nitrous that may be in the feed line between the nitrous bottle and the nitrous solenoid.
This ensures that liquid nitrous will be sprayed immediately into the nitrous plate when you hit wide open throttle. For this particular system to operate, the engine must be at wide open throttle. Once there, a sensor receives a signal from the TPS sensor that signals for the fuel and nitrous solenoids to open up, allowing for flow. As the liquid nitrous is injected, it changes state to a gas due to the lack of pressure in the surrounding air.
When it changes to a gas, it drops in temperature to This is actually one of the ways it helps to increase horsepower. As it cools the intake charge, it allows for more air in the cylinders, enabling you to burn more fuel. The oxygen atom attached to N2O has a strong bond, but this can be broken with heat.
As the piston compresses the intake charge as well as during combustion , the resulting heat breaks the oxygen atom off the N2O molecule.
Now that the oxygen atom is isolated, it is freed up to be used in combustion. As a result, it can produce more power than your typical gas and oxygen mix, which is exactly what those who add nitrous to their cars want.
Now that we know what it is, how does nitrous oxide work? Well, if you're a dentist, you'll know that nitrous oxide is commonly referred to as laughing gas. Its earliest uses were as an anesthetic before German engineers in World War II used it to enhance the performance of airplanes at high altitudes.
Turbocharger technology soon overtook nitrous systems as the preferred method of increasing air density, but as drag racing started to really take off in the s, nitrous was again explored as a means of boosting cars' performance. Various methods are available, but the basic principle is to inject the nitrous oxide into some area of the intake system, or directly into the combustion chamber. This cools the intake air and increases density, resulting in more power and a higher rate of combustion.
Essentially, the basic reason to inject nitrous oxide is to increase the amount of oxygen in the combustion chamber, allowing for more fuel. When the liquid nitrous is released from the canister and expands into a gas, it cools and thus becomes denser, and once in the combustion chamber, the oxygen splits from the nitrogen allowing for more fuel and preventing premature detonation.
This is basic engine mechanics. There are two main ways of injecting nitrous oxide into the engine, but each has the same goal of increasing density and forcing more power out of an engine, whether it be a gasoline engine or a diesel-powered one. Both turbocharged and naturally aspirated engines can benefit from this, and it can be used on supercharged cars too. Even your lawnmower could probably run on nitrous for a time, but we wouldn't recommend this.
These are the most common types of nitrous systems used:. In both systems, tuning is an absolute necessity and you cannot simply add a high concentration of laughing gas and expect reliable performance gains.
You need to provide more fuel for the additional oxygen released from the N2O mixture to safely combust, or you will actually have a lean reaction and cause premature detonation, or pinging. Once you've got your needs figured out, you can decide to go with a single nozzle nitrous kit, spraying the gas into the intake, or multiple smaller nozzles for each cylinder or bank of cylinders, depending on the application.
Some setups will have two-, three-, or four-stage kits. These systems will either start off small and finish with a big shot of N2O typically a naturally aspirated engine or start off big for example, to get the turbo spooling and end with smaller shots as the engine relies more on the turbo. These types of nitrous oxide cars are typically seen in drag racing. A car that runs purely off a nitrous oxide engine is rare and will typically require frequent rebuilds.
In the early s, a movie called The Fast and the Furious hit our screens and introduced many to the import tuner culture and cars with NOS. In the film, a nitrous boost was conveyed as the best way to increase performance and win a race. The rest was history, but while the film shone a light on the little-known systems, it also misinformed viewers who believed that nitrous makes your vehicle faster it can improve acceleration but cannot increase the ultimate capability of an engine, only help it reach that point sooner and that its regular use has no repercussions beyond causing "danger to manifold".
While we laughed at the fact that the floor of Brian's car fell off, there was some accuracy to the warning. Too much pressure can indeed "blow the welds on the intake" and "fry the piston rings", but these dangers are not only present when you put too much nitrous in the system. Increasing the performance of the engine at the wrong point in the rpm range can bend or snap connecting rods and forcing more performance out of an engine that was never designed to take this level of added strain for a sustained period has obvious negative side effects.
The block itself can also deform, the cylinder head can warp, and without enough fuel, a "direct port nitrous" kit, as Jesse famously spoke of, can cause the aforementioned pinging, leading to catastrophic engine failure. Furthermore, you may find that the legality of a nitrous kit of street use is non-existent in your region, so you could get your car impounded for simply having a kit fitted, even if you're just cruising on the highway. The majority of nitrous systems make use of particular orifice inserts jets and pressure calculations to deliver the desired amount of the gas and create an efficient air-fuel-ratio for the boost required.
Here are the two types of nitrous systems:. Only nitrous oxide is delivered by the nitrous delivery method, which injects fuel through a separate channel, the fuel injector.
Two ways to increase the amount of fuel flow - by increasing the pressure and by increasing the time that the fuel injector is open. Although this system uses a single nozzle delivery method, it is possible to use the other methods.
Carburetors are not capable of producing a high amount of on-demand fuel, and for this reason, you cannot use a dry nitrous system in carburetted applications. In wet nitrous systems, nitrous oxide is combined with fuel and then delivered using the nitrous delivery method to the intake manifold. A special nozzle is used to measure the fuel and nitrous required.
This system has an edge over the dry system because of its efficiency. This system supports all the methods of delivery. One should be careful to ensure there are no backfires as a result of fuel pooling in the manifold or uneven distribution of the mixture.
This system can be redesigned to distribute the mixture to the combustion chambers evenly, making it viable for carburetted and throttle body injected systems. If you need information about engines and other automotive topics or buy used auto parts and car spare parts, you may refer to Carpart.
Educational Nov 18th, If you have watched the first installment of the Fast and Furious franchise or any street car races, chances are you have heard about a compound termed NOS which appears to boost the speed of automobiles. So, what role does nitrous oxide play in an engine? The Chemistry behind Nitro Boost In nitrous oxide engines, the decomposition of nitrous oxide produces the oxygen used in the combustion process. Types of Nitrous Systems The two types of nitrous systems are dry and wet, depending on the method used in delivering nitrous oxide into the intake manifold.
There are four conventional delivery methods: Single nozzle Direct port Plate Bar The majority of nitrous systems make use of particular orifice inserts jets and pressure calculations to deliver the desired amount of the gas and create an efficient air-fuel-ratio for the boost required.
Here are the two types of nitrous systems: 1. Dry Nitrous System Only nitrous oxide is delivered by the nitrous delivery method, which injects fuel through a separate channel, the fuel injector.
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