Power distribution: electricity is sent to households in the nearest area from the substations. As a receiver of energy and a consumer, you cannot choose your distributor, as one or another is assigned to you depending on the area where you live.
The company you get will be responsible for ensuring that the electricity reaches your home correctly and will take care of any faults. It is also the owner of your electricity meter , and sends its readings to your supplier which is the one that charges you.
Energy trading: your supplier is the one you can always choose and will always be the one that sends you the bills, since it is the one who buys the energy from the generation companies and sells it to you. The suppliers will offer you different tariffs and deals, although in Spain there is a free market where you pay according to the conditions of your contract, as in any other service tariff mobile, Wi-Fi, etc. What types of power plant are there? It depends entirely on the type of power plant we are talking about, as it depends on how we obtain the energy, we will be dealing with one or the other: Conventional cycle thermoelectric plants coal, diesel and natural gas : coal, natural gas or diesel are burned in these plants.
When burned, they raise the temperature of a water tank, transforming it into steam, which causes a turbine to move. It is this movement, that of the turbine, that generates electricity by means of an alternator that transforms mechanical energy into electricity. That is, movement is transformed into electricity. Finally, the steam goes to a condenser to become water again and start the cycle again.
Combined cycle thermoelectric power plants coal, diesel and natural gas : these operate in a similar way to conventional cycle power plants. Like these, they have a turbine that moves with the steam of the heated water. But they also have a different turbine that moves with air taken from the atmosphere and heated by fossil fuels. Their great advantages over conventional cycle power plants are that they are more efficient, more flexible they can work at full load or "at half gas" depending on the needs and more ecological lower emissions to the atmosphere.
Nuclear power plants: in the same way as in the previous examples, the heat released by nuclear fission in a reactor heats large amounts of water at high pressure. The released steam produces electricity by passing through a turbine connected to a generator. The basic difference, apart from their high power, is the fuel they use, usually uranium.
Geothermal power plants : the system is similar to the previous ones water is heated to emit steam that moves a turbine but in this case the natural heat of the earth's interior is used through pipes in the subsoil.
Biomass plants: in this case, the heat is generated after burning organic matter, whether vegetable or all kinds of waste animal, industrial, agricultural and urban. Hydroelectric power plants: these do not need heat, since these types of power plants are the progression from old mills. What they do is use a major waterfall to move a hydraulic turbine.
They are usually built in dams and reservoirs. Wind farms : in the same way, the movement generates electricity, which in this case is created by the wind. It drives a turbine from which electricity will be obtained. Solar power plants : there are two types. What solar thermal plants do is use the heat of the sun to heat water and use the steam generated to move a turbine. What photovoltaic plants do is directly transform solar energy into electricity, thanks to photovoltaic cells.
Tidal power stations: the movements of water produced by the rises and falls of the tides drive a turbine that will produce electricity through a generator. Wave power plants: similar to the above, but using waves instead of tides. How is wind power produced? And the wind? Where does it come from? And the sun? How is it transformed into electricity?
And how does a solar panel work? Hydraulic energy According to NASA, one of its studies found that the origin of life could be in the electricity generated naturally on the seabed 4 billion years ago.
A dam can be powered by its own mechanical energy. Tidal energy Tidal energy is a variant of hydropower that is not as well known. There are currently three types of tidal energy: Tidal dams: these are built at the mouths of rivers and look a lot like hydroelectric dams.
The difference in height between high and low tides is exploited by generating the potential energy that arises with the movement. Pressure of the gas rotates the gas turbine and the generator creates electricity. Moreover, exhaust heat from gas turbine is utilized for boiling water to generate steam, which rotates turbine to generate.
Integrated coal gasification combined cycle IGCC gasifies the fuel coal in the gasifier. Gasified fuel is burnt in the compressed air to generate gas. Pressure of the gas rotates the gas turbine to generate electricity. Furthermore the exhaust gas heat from gas turbine is utilized to boil water into steam to generate electricity. International comparison of thermal power generation efficiency fossil fuels. Coal fire plants in Japan achieve highest efficiency, generating much electricity with less fuels.
Although generation efficiency can be increased by utilizing power generation facilities or technologies with newest and highest efficiency, it is important to do maintenance of facility or to keep or increase of operation quality as well. Lightwater means normal water, opposite to heavy water. Magnetic poles are installed on the edge of the rotor. The north and south pole are alternating.
The magnetic field is completed between the north and south pole through an air slot and stator, so that the winding lays in the magnetic field. When the rotor rotates, movement of the magnetic field is established relative to the conductors of the winding.
Induced in the winding is an electrical voltage , which may be measured between the beginning and the end of the winding. The beginning and the end of the winding are called generator terminals.
Electrical conductors are connected to these terminals, and the ensuing electricity is transmitted to users. In the early days of electricity usage, power plants were small in comparison with those of today, and electric generators directly provided electricity to users in the vicinity.
They were supplied with voltage that could not be too high due to the danger to people posed by electric shock. The first generators produced so-called direct current in which the current always flows in the same direction. The use of electricity, due to a number of advantages, quickly grew, and the need for more powerful plants that would be constructed near suitable resources rivers, coal mines became evident.
However, the problem of how to transfer electricity to remote users remained, for enormously large sections of power transmission lines would be required to minimise the level of energy loss during transmission.
With the invention of alternating current, in which the direction of current changes this happens 50 times a second in our network , and multi-polar generators, which also operate according to the described principle of electromagnetic induction, the use of electricity has greatly expanded. Alternating current makes it possible to change the voltage using a transformer relatively easily.
The higher the voltage, the less energy is lost during transmission. Nowadays, voltage produced by a generator is transformed into higher voltage and transmitted via transmission lines with voltages of kV, kV and higher over long distances.
In order to supply power to the users, voltage is then transformed into lower values, down to the voltage used in households V, or V for three-phase connections.
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